Comparatives and superlatives (8th grade)

El grado comparativo

Al hacer comparaciones, podemos destacar la superioridad, inferioridad o igualdad de calidad de uno a otro. La estructura de cada uno de estos grados de comparación es diferente.

1. Comparativos de superioridad. En las comparaciones de superioridad, el adjetivo, que está en la forma comparativa (véase más adelante), es seguido por “than”.

Ejemplos:

Juan runs faster than Mark. (Juan corre más rápido que Mark.)

Angela’s room is cleaner than Sue’s. (La habitación de Angela está más limpia que la de Sue.)

I am taller than Beth. (Soy más alto que Beth.)

New York is bigger than Los Angeles. (Nueva York es más grande que Los Angeles.)

2. Comparativos de inferioridad. Para formar este tipo de comparación podemos usar las conjunciones “not as…as” or “less…than”. En ambos casos, el adjetivo está en el grado positivo.

Mark is not as fast as Juan. (Mark no corre tan rápido como Juan.)

Sue’s room is less clean than Angela’s. (La habitación de Sue no es tan limpia como la de Angela.)

Beth is not as tall as me. (Beth no es tan alta como yo.)

Los Angeles is not as big as New York. (Los Angeles no es tan grande como Nueva York.) . Comparativos de igualdad. Con el adjetivo en el grado positivo, utilizamos la conjunción “as…as” para formar las comparaciones de igualdad.   Mark is as fast as Juan. (Mark corre tan rápido como Juan.)   Sue’s room is as clean as Angela’s. (La habitación de Sue es tan limpia como la de Angela.)   Beth is as tall as I am. (Beth es tan alta como yo.)   Los Angeles is as big as New York. (Los Angeles es tan grande como Nueva York.) El grado superlativo El grado superlativo denota la calidad en el grado más alto y como en español, se usa “the” delante del adjetivo en la forma superlativa (véase más adelante). Ejemplos:   Juan is the fastest . (Juan es el más rápido.)   Angela’s room is the cleanest. (La habitación de Angela es la más limpia.)   I am the tallest. (Soy el más alto.)   New York is the biggest city in the United States. (Nueva York es la ciudad más grande de los Estados Unidos.) Nota: Si el adjetivo es posesivo, no se usa “the”. Además no se usa “the” si comparamos algo con si mismo. Ejemplos:   His smartest student is Lisa. (Su estudiante más lista es Lisa.)   New York is coldest in January. (Nueva York es más frío en enero.) Form (Forma) Hay unas reglas para formar el comparativo y superlativo. 1. Para adjetivos de una sílaba: Comparativo Superlativo añade: “-er”   faster añade: “-est”   fastest 2. Para adjetivos de una sílaba que terminan en “e”: Comparativo Superlativo añade: “-r”   nicer añade: “-st”   nicest 3. Para adjetivos de una sílaba que terminan en consonante + vocal + consonante: Comparativo Superlativo añade: consonante + “-er”    hotter añade: consonante + “-est”    hottest 4. Para adjetivos de dos silabas que terminan en “y”: Comparativo Superlativo sustituye “y” por: “-ier”    funnier sustituye “y” por: “-iest”    funniest 5. Para adjetivos de dos o más silabas: Comparativo Superlativo añade: “more”/“less”    more beautiful   less beautiful añade: “the most”/“the least”   the most beautiful   the least beautiful 6. Adjetivos irregulares: Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo   good   better   best   bad   worse   worst   far   further   furthest

Comparatives and superlatives exercises (8th) grade

A)  Filling  with the correct comparative or superlative.


1. The  (hot) dessert of all is the Shara and it's in Africa.
2. Germany is  (far) from home than France.
3. My health is  (good) now than 5 years ago.
4. I've got  (little) money  you but I don't mind.
5. Chinese is  (difficult) language in the world.
6. Valencia played  (bad) yesterday  last week.
7. Cats are not  (intelligent) as dogs.
8. I think you must tell me  (good) way to do it, or it will take me ages to finish.
9. My sister Anne had a  (tidy) room  me, but was always having arguments with everybody.
10. Who is  (talkative) person in class?


B)  Put the correct superlative and comparative form:

1. 
   
2. 1.fast -  - 
3. 2.cheap -  - 
4. 3.clean -  - 
5. 4.cold -  -  
6. 
   
   5.easy -  - 
7. 6.
   small -  - 
8. 7.old -  - 
9. 8.young -  - 
10. 9.tall -  - 
11. 10. warm -  - 
12. C. Choose the correct answer
13. 
    

14. 1	Mount Everest measures 8,848 meters, Mount Kangchenjunga  measures 8,596 meters and K2 measures 8,611 meters.
    			Mount Everest is the highest mountain.
    			Mount Kangchenjunga is the highest mountain.
    			K2 is the lowest mountain.
    2	Anne is 43 years old, Lynne is 40 years old.
    			Anne is younger than Lynne.
    			Lynne is older than Anne.
    			Anne is older than Lynne.
    3	The red dress costs 25.00, the blue dress costs 15.00.
    			The red dress costs less than the blue dress.
    			The blue dress costs less than the red dress.
    			The blue dress costs more than the red dress.
    4	Russia is 17,075,000 sqm, France is 544,000 sqm.
    			France is larger than Russia.
    			Russia is larger than France.
    			Russia is smaller than France.
    5	Box A is bigger than box B, box C is bigger than box A.
    			Box B is the smallest box.
    			Box A is the biggest box.
    			Box C is the smallest box.
    6	I live 2 km from my mother. My sister lives 1 km from her.
    			I live nearer my mother than my sister.
    			My sister lives nearer my mother than me.
    			My sister lives further from my mother than me.
    7	Jane has 1,633.20, Bill has 1,635.30, John has 1,632.10.
    			Bill has the most money.
    			Jane has the least money.
    			John has the most money.
    8	Carrots are good for you, cakes are bad for you.
    			Carrots are worse for you than cakes.
    			Cakes are better for you than carrots.
    			Carrots are better for you than cakes.
    9	Johnny was bad, Wendy was very bad, Billy was very, very bad.
    			Johnny was the worst.
    			Wendy was the best.
    			Billy was the worst.
    10	I saw two plays, one on Monday 1st April and the other on Tuesday 2nd April.  I enjoyed the Monday play, I didn't enjoy the one on Tuesday.
    			I enjoyed the second play more than the first play.
    			I enjoyed the first play more than the second play.
    			I enjoyed the first play less than the second play.

15. 
    
16. 
    
17. 
    

Past Progressive (9th grade)

Use of Past Progressive

• puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
  Example: He was playing football.
• two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
  Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
• action going on at a certain time in the past
  Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Form

	Positive	Negative	Question
I / he / she / it	I was speaking.	I was not speaking.	Was I speaking?
you / we / they	You were speaking.	You were not speaking.	Were you speaking?

Uses (Usos)

El pasado continuo lo utilizamos para una acción larga que ya en el pasado fue interrumpido. La acción que se interrumpe está en pasado continuo y la acción que provoca la interrupción está en pasado simple. “When” y “while” señalan el uso del pasado simple y continuo. En general, usamos el pasado simple directamente después de “when” y el pasado continuo después de “while.”

Ejemplos:

Jose called while I was watching the news. (Jose llamó mientras estaba mirando las noticias.)

He was walking to work when he fell. (Estaba caminando hacia su trabajo cuando se cayó.)

Was it raining when you left? (¿Estaba lloviendo cuando te fuiste?)

Se usa el pasado continuo para hablar sobre acciones en un tiempo específico en el pasado.

Ejemplos

Paula wasn’t living in Spain in 2005. (Paula no estaba viviendo en España en el 2005.)

We were still working at 10 o’clock last night. (Todavía estabamos trabajando a las 10 de la noche. )

Se usa el pasado continuo para dos acciones que estaban ocurriendo al mismo tiempo en el pasado.

Ejemplos

My son was reading while I was cooking. (Mi hijo estaba leyendo mientras que yo estaba cocinando.)

They were talking very loudly while we were trying to watch the movie. (Estaban hablando muy alto mientras nosotros estábamos intentando mirar la pelicula.)

Exercises reflexive pronouns (9th grade)

EXERCISE COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.


1. I cooked ____________ a meal and then I watched television.
2. I´m sure he will enjoy ____________ on his trip.
3. I cut ____________ while I was preparing the vegetables.
 4. We enjoyed ____________ by playing cards while we were waiting for the plane.
5. She put the plates on the table and told them to help ____________ to the food.
 6. Tom hurt ____________ when he was playing football.
7. James cooked ____________ a snack when he got home.
 8. Did you paint the room ____________ ?.- Yes, it took me two days to do it.
9. If you will not help me, I will have to do it all ____________ .
10. She makes her clothes ____________ .
11. The students organized the concert ____________.
12. We painted the whole house ____________.
13. The house is very beautiful; they designed it ____________.
14. I taught ____________ to play the guitar. I never had lessons.
15. Mary´s children are too young to look after ____________.
16. An elephant hurt ____________ when it tried to get out of the zoo yesterday.
17. I don´t need any help. I can take care of ____________.
18. My brother fell over and hurt ____________ when he was running for a bus.
19. Help ____________ to some more coffee.
20. Mary and I didn´t enjoy ____________ at the disco last night.

Reflexive Pronouns (9th grade)

Pronouns: reflexive (myself, themselves, etc.)

Reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves. They refer back to the subject forms of personal pronouns (underlined in the example below):

We didn’t decorate it ourselves. Someone else did it for us

subject pronoun	reflexive pronoun
I	myself
you (singular)	yourself
he	himself
she	herself
it	itself
one	oneself
we	ourselves
you (plural)	yourselves
they	themselves

 We often use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object of the verb refer to the same person or thing:

He cut himself on the broken glass.

She made herself a cup of tea and sat down in front of the television.

Parents often blame themselves for the way their children behave.

Reflexive pronouns + by meaning alone

We often use reflexive pronouns with by to mean ‘alone’ or ‘without any help’:

Why don’t you go by yourself?

The children made the entire meal by themselves.

VIDEO:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wV_qN5XQI7w 

IN SPANISH:  

Reflexive Pronoun Forms and Examples

Number and Person	Reflexive Pronoun	Spanish	English
Singular, First	me	Me lavo.	I wash myself.
Singular, Second (Informal)	te	Te lavas.	You wash yourself.
Singular, Second (Formal)	se	Se lava.	You wash yourself.
Singular, Third	se	Se lava.	He washes himself./She washes herself./It washes itself.
Plural, First	nos	Nos lavamos.	We wash ourselves.
Plural, Second	se	Se lavan.	You (all) wash yourselves.
Plural, Second (Informal)	os	Os laváis.	You (all) wash yourselves.
Plural, Third	se	Se lavan.	They wash themselves.

Adjectives Exercises (8th grade)

1. Adjectives exercises: Complete los espacios con los adjetivos dados en los paréntesis, recuerde el orden de los adjetivos 

Try a few of these exercises to practice using the correct adjective order. Place the adjectives in the correct order in each sentence.
 1. The girl received __________ ___________ gifts for her birthday. (tiny, multiple) 
2. All of the students in class took the ___________ _____________ test. (computerized, simple)
3. Before going to the greenhouse, the horticulture students put on their _____________ __________ ___________ gloves. (rubber, new, gardening)
4. The _________ ________ women waited for the server to come to their table. (refined, Chinese)
 5. The box was full of ________ and ________ _________puppies. (white, spotted, black)
6. The state of Colorado is ___________, _____________, and _____________. (square, large, mountainous) 
7. Did you know that cheetahs are _____________, ______________, and ____________? (carnivorous, beautiful, endangered)
 8. The ____________ ____________ furniture was sold yesterday. (Swedish, green)


2. Seleccione el orden correcto

Adjectives order (8th grade)

Table about order of the adjectives : determiner = quantity







Videos about adjectives:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuWhaA7P22Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaRC2Il8l5c

Para tener en cuenta:  Los adjetivos "purpose" no entran en este tema asi que no hay que tomarlos en cuenta.